Figure 2.
Schematic view of some aspects of icehouse versus greenhouse versus hothouse after Kidder and Worsley (2010). Key factors in the progressive steps from icehouse to hothouse include shifting deep-ocean circulation from thermal to haline mode, expansion of anoxia and euxinia, weakening of planetary windbelts and hence wind-driven upwelling and eolian dust transport to oceans. Also critical is increased cyclonic storm mixing that develops as tropical storms expand their reach to high latitudes and into deeper waters. OMZ—oxygen minimum zone.