Figure 1.
Topographic-bathymetric map of Atlantic-Arctic Oceans. The Gulf of Mexico and Canada Basin are located in back-arc settings, oriented at a high angle to the Paleo-Pacific subduction zone, and were never linked to the Atlantic seafloor. The pronounced wedge-shaped oceans are situated between North and South America and North America and Eurasia, respectively. Ap—Appalachian orogen; BB—Baffin Bay; Ca—Caledonian orogen; CB—Canada Basin; EB—Eurasia basin; GoM—Gulf of Mexico; In—Innuitian orogen; LS—Labrador Sea; MPB—Makarov-Podvodnikov Basin; NEA—Northeast Atlantic; O-M—Ouachita-Marathon orogen; Su—Suwanne suture; TS—Tyrrhenian Sea; Ur—Uralian orogen.