| Abstract |
1 |
| Introduction |
2 |
| Geological setting |
| |
Clarno area |
2 |
| |
Painted Hills area |
3 |
| |
Biostratigraphy |
3 |
| |
Geochronology |
6 |
| Features of the paleosols |
| |
Traces of land life |
7 |
| |
Soil horizons |
15 |
| |
Soil structure |
19 |
| |
Conclusions |
22 |
| Burial alteration of the paleosols |
| |
Loss of organic matter |
23 |
| |
Burial gleization |
23 |
| |
Burial reddening |
23 |
| |
Calcite cementation |
24 |
| |
Silicification |
24 |
| |
Zeolitization |
24 |
| |
Celadonitization |
26 |
| |
Illitization |
27 |
| |
Feldspathization |
28 |
| |
Compaction |
28 |
| |
Thermal maturation of organic matter |
28 |
| |
Recrystallization |
28 |
| |
Conclusions |
29 |
| Description and classification of the paleosols |
29 |
| |
Pswa pedotype (Lithic Hapludalf) |
33 |
| |
Scat pedotype (Haplumbrept) |
36 |
| |
Cmuk pedotype (Hemist) |
40 |
| |
Pasct pedotype (Sombrihumult) |
42 |
| |
Patat pedotype (Psammentic Eutrochrept) |
45 |
| |
Sayayk pedotype (Tropofluvent) |
49 |
| |
Luquem pedotype (Typic Udivitrand) |
52 |
| |
Lakayx pedotype (Hapludult) |
53 |
| |
Acas pedotype (Plinthic Haplohumult) |
57 |
| |
Nukut pedotype (Lithic Kanhapludult) |
59 |
| |
Apax pedotype (Andic Dystropept) |
63 |
| |
Tiliwal pedotype (Plinthic Kandiudox) |
67 |
| |
Sitaxs pedotype (Placaquand) |
70 |
| |
Luca pedotype (Hapludalf) |
74 |
| |
Micay pedotype (Aquandic Fluvaquent) |
78 |
| |
Lakim pedotype (Aquandic Placaquept) |
82 |
| |
Kskus pedotype (Fluvent) |
85 |
| |
Tuksay pedotype (Plinthic Paleudult) |
87 |
| |
Sak pedotype (Typic Paleudult) |
90 |
| |
Ticam pedotype (Andic Eutrochrept) |
94 |
| |
Wawcak pedotype (Entic Chromudert) |
96 |
| |
Yanwa pedotype (Histic Humaquept) |
100 |
| |
Skwiskwi pedotype (Eutric Fulvudand) |
106 |
| |
Maqas pedotype (Vitric Haplustand) |
111 |
| |
Xaxus pedotype (Aquic Ustivitrand) |
116 |
| |
Yapas pedotype (Mollic Haplustand) |
121 |
| Reconstructed paleosols and their environments |
122 |
| |
Middle Eocene (44 Ma) volcanic facies, Clarno Formation |
126 |
| |
Middle Eocene (43 Ma) purple-red beds, Clarno Formation |
129 |
| |
Middle Eocene (42 Ma) brick-red beds, Clarno Formation |
130 |
| |
Late-middle Eocene (40 Ma) mammal quarry, Clarno Formation |
131 |
| |
Middle-late Eocene (38 Ma) lower Big Basin Member, John Day Formation |
132 |
| |
Early Oligocene (33 Ma) middle Big Basin Member, John Day Formation |
133 |
| |
Mid-Oligocene (31 Ma) upper Big Basin Member, John Day Formation |
135 |
| |
Late Oligocene (29 Ma) Turtle Cove Member, John Day Formation |
136 |
| |
Eocene-Oligocene paleoenvironmental change |
138 |
| Acknowledgments |
139 |
| Appendices |
| 1. |
Individual named paleosols |
142 |
| 2. |
Textures of the paleosols |
144 |
| 3. |
Mineral composition of the paleosols |
151 |
| 4. |
Chemical composition of the paleosols |
158 |
| 5. |
Trace element composition of the paleosols |
162 |
| 6. |
Appendix 6. Molecular weathering ratios of the paleosols |
166 |
| 7. |
Appendix 7. Checklist of middle Eocene fossils from the Clarno Nut Beds |
171 |
| 8. |
Checklist of late middle Eocene fossils from the Clarno Mammal Quarry |
175 |
| 9. |
Checklist of late Middle Eocene fossils from near Whitecap Knoll |
176 |
| 10. |
Checklist of early Oligocene fossils from near Clarno |
177 |
| 11. |
Checklist of early Oligocene fossils from Painted Hills |
179 |
| 12. |
Appendix 12. Checklist of late Oligocene fossils from Carroll Rim |
181 |
| References Cited |
182 |