ABSTRACT |
INTRODUCTION |
PROCEDURE |
Assigning rock units to time slices |
Taxonomy and latitudinal endpoints of taxa |
Effective temperature |
Paleoshorelines and paleoclimatic regions |
Assignment of rock units to time slices |
Molluscan stages |
Biostratigraphic problems |
27-23 Ma time slice |
23-17 Ma time Slice |
17-13 Ma time slice |
13-8 Ma time slice |
Taxonomy and latitudinal endpoints of taxa |
Faunal lists |
Taxonomy |
Endpoints of geographic ranges and ecologic data of taxa |
Effective temperature |
Present-day molluscan and paleomolluscan provinces |
Climatic regions |
Continental climatic regions defined by temperature |
Marine climatic regions defined by temperature |
Effective temperature for fossil taxa |
Percentage of fossil taxa with a particular effective temperature |
PALEOSHORELINE MAPS AND PALEOCLIMATIC REGIONS |
RESULTS |
DISCUSSION |
Role of temperature in limiting distribution of marine mollusks |
Regional and global climatic changes |
Late late Oligocene to late early Miocene time; time slices 27-23 Ma and 23-17 Ma |
Late early Miocene to early medial Miocene time; time slice 17-13 Ma |
Late medial Miocene to early late Miocene time; time slice 13-8 Ma |
Late Miocene to early Pliocene time; time slice 8-5 Ma |
Early to late Pliocene time; time slice 5-2.5 Ma |
Pleistocene time; 1.6-0.01 Ma |
Extralimital and extraprovincial or thermally anomalous molluscan taxa |
Explanations for extraprovincial and thermally anomalous taxa |
Sea-level oscillations |
Regional extinction events |
Survivorship of 1206 species, mostly molluscan taxa |
Volcanism, climate, and extinctions |
Temperate marine paleoclimate |
Species diversity |
Increasing species diversity through time |
Present-day latitudinal, molluscan diversity gradients |
Paleogeography |
CONCLUSIONS |
SUMMARY |
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS |
APPENDICES |