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Table of Contents - Special Paper 413

Earth and Mind: How Geologists Think and Learn about the Earth

edited by Cathryn A. Manduca and David W. Mogk

Prologue		v
Learning from the Earth		1
1.	The concepts of beauty and creativity: Earth science thinking Susan W. Kieffer	3
2.	Geologic mapping — Where the rubber meets the road W.G. Ernst	13
3.	Plate tectonics; the general theory: Complex Earth is simpler than you think Don L. Anderson	29
4.	Modeling geocomplexity: “A new kind of science” Donald L. Turcotte	39
Learning about Geoscience Thinking		51
5.	Spatial thinking in the geosciences and cognitive sciences: A cross-disciplinary look at the intersection of the two fields Kim A. Kastens and Toru Ishikawa	53
6.	Building an understanding of geological time: A cognitive synthesis of the “macro” and “micro” scales of time Jeff Dodick and Nir Orion	77
7.	Student understanding of complex earth systems Bruce E. Herbert	95
8.	Rediscovering the historical methodology of the earth sciences by analyzing scientific communication styles Jeff Dodick and Shlomo Argamon	105
9.	Understanding and enhancing visualizations: Two models of collaboration between earth science and cognitive science David N. Rapp, David H. Uttal	121
Helping Students Learn		129
10.	Engineering geosciences learning experiences using the Learning-for-Use design framework Daniel C. Edelson, Virginia M. Pitts, Christina M. Salierno, and Bruce L. Sherin	131
11.	Building geoscience vocabularies using a data visualization tool (WorldWatcher) Michael R. Taber and Kristin Quadracci	145
12.	The Hidden Earth — Interactive, computer-based modules for geoscience learning Stephen J. Reynolds, Michael D. Piburn, Debra E. Leedy, Carla M. McAuliffe, James P. Birk, and Julia K. Johnson	157
13.	STELLA modeling as a tool for understanding the dynamics of earth systems David M. Bice	171
An Agenda for the Future		187