Page 31 - i1052-5173-29-3-4
P. 31

Take the lead in

                                                 applied geosciences




                                                    With Penn’s Master of Science in Applied Geosciences, you stay
                                                      ahead of the curve in remediation practices.


                                                        Advance your career and learn from industry leaders about:
                                                        •   Geologic field methods          •   HAZWOPER certification
                                                        •   Stormwater systems              •   New technologies and
                                                        •   Project management                  techniques


                                                          Discover more about our full- and part-time flexibility
                                                            for working professionals:
                                                             WWW.UPENN.EDU/MSAG















             Geologic
             Geologic
             Geologic
             Geologic                                                                              PRECAMBRIAN  BDY. (Ma) 541 635 720
             Geologic
             Geologic Time Scale Poster Time Scale Poster Time Scale Poster Time Scale Poster Time Scale Poster Time Scale Poster v. 5.0v. 5.0v. 5.0
                                                                                                                AGES
                                                                                                            PERIOD
                                                                                                            EDIACARAN
                                                                                                        ERA
                                                                                     PALEOZOIC
                                                                                                PICKS
                                                                                                              TONIAN
                                                                                                (Ma)
                                                                                                        TEROZOIC
                                                                                             AGE
             Compiled by J.D. Walker, J.W. Geissman,          GSA GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE v. 5.0       AGE (Ma)  750 EON  NEOPRO-  CRYOGENIAN  1000 1200
                                                                                                 251 .90
                                                                                                 254.14
                                                                                        EPOCH
                                                                                                              STENIAN
                                                                                            CHANGHSINGIAN
                                                                                                 259.1
                                                                                    AGE PERIOD
             S.A. Bowring, and L.E. Babcock, 2018                     MESOZOIC AGE  PICKS (Ma) 66.0  (Ma)  Lopin- lupian  WUCHIAPINGIAN  265.1 268.8 272.95 290.1  1000  MESOPRO-  ECTASIAN  1400 1600
                                                                                             CAPITANIAN
                                                                                              WORDIAN
                                                                                          gian
                                                                                                  ~283.5
                                                                                              ROADIAN
                                                                                              KUNGURIAN
                                                                                          Guada-
                                                                                                          TEROZOIC
                                                                                                               CALYMMIAN
                                                                                                   298.9
                                                                                              SAKMARIAN
                                                                                               ASSELIAN
             Use this colorful, poster-size                      PICKS  AGE (Ma) MAGNETIC ANOM.  CHRON.  PERIOD  EPOCH  MAASTRICHTIAN  72.1 83.6 86.3  260  280  PERMIAN  Cisura- lian  ARTINSKIAN  295.0 303.7 307 .0 315.2  1250  1500  PROTEROZOIC  STATHERIAN  1800
                                                                     POLARITY
                                                                                               GZHELIAN
                                                                                               KASIMOVIAN
                                                                              CAMPANIAN
                                                                                               MOSCOVIAN
                                                                      HIST
                                                                                               BASHKIRIAN
             version of GSA’s Geologic Time          CENOZOIC AGE  (Ma) 0.012 1 .8  70  30 C30 31 32 33 C31 C32 C33  LATE  SANTONIAN  89.8 93.9 100.5  300  PENNSYL-  VANIAN  LATE MIDDLE  SERPUKHOVIAN  323.2 330.9  1750  OROSIRIAN  2050
                                                                               CONIACIAN
                                                                                TURONIAN
                                                                                             EARLY
                                                                                                 VISEAN
             Scale (v. 5.0) to decorate your offi ce
             Scale (v. 5.0) to decorate your offi ce   MAGNETIC  PERIOD  EPOCH  CALABRIAN  2.58 3.600 5.333  80  CENOMANIAN   ~113  320  CARBONIFEROUS  LATE MIDDLE  TOURNAISIAN  346.7 358.9  2000  PALEOPRO-  RHYACIAN  2300 2500
                                                                                                             TEROZOIC
                                                              GELASIAN
                                                              PIACENZIAN
                                                         HOLOCENE
                                                              ZANCLEAN
                                                         PLEISTOCENE*
                                                    POLARITY
                                                                                 ALBIAN
                                                    POLAR
                                                      CHRON.
                                                      CHRON
                                                  AGE
                                                      C1 QUATER-
                                                       ATER-
             or classroom.                        AGE (Ma)  HIST  HIST. .  ANOM.  ANOM.  1 1  C1 QUATER-  PLEI PLIOCENE  MESSINIAN  7 .246  90  34  C34  CRETACEOUS  340  MISSIS-  SIPPIAN  EARLY  FAMENNIAN  ~372.2  SIDERIAN
                                                       A
                                                       NARY
                                                  (Ma)
                                                       NARY
                                                  (Ma)
                                                      C2
                                                      C2
                                                                                                       ~387 .7
                                                     2A 2 2  C2A C2A  TORTONIAN  11.63  100  APTIAN  ~125 ~129.4  FRASNIAN  ~382.7  2250  2800
                                                      3 3 3  C3 C3  13.82         BARREMIAN  ~132.9  360  LATE  GIVETIAN  ~393.3
                                                    5  3A  C3A C3A  SERRAVALLIAN  15.97  110  EARLY  HAUTERIVIAN  ~139.8  EIFELIAN  2500  NEOARCHEAN
             GTSPOS  |   20" × 26"  |  $9.95           4 4A  C4 C4 C4 C4A C4A  LANGHIAN  120  M0r  VALANGINIAN  ~145.0  380  DEVONIAN  MIDDLE  EMSIAN  ~407 .6 ~419.2
                                                                                                        ~410.8
                                                                                                    PRAGIAN
                                                                                                         ~425.6
                                                     10  5  C5 C5  NEOGENE  MIOCENE  BURDIGALIAN  20.44  M1 M3 M5  BERRIASIAN  ~152.1  LOCHKOVIAN  ~423.0  2750  MESO-  3200
                                                                                                         ~427 .4
                                                                                                         ~433.4
                                                       5A 5A  C5A C5A  23.03  130  M10  TITHONIAN  ~157 .3  400  EARLY  LUDFORDIAN  ~430.5  ARCHEAN
                                                                                                     GORSTIAN
                                                                                                     HOMERIAN
                                                                                                         ~440.8
                                                        5B 5B  C5B C5  AQUITANIAN  M12 M14  KIMMERIDGIAN  ~163.5  PRIDOLI  SHEINWOODIAN  ~438.5
                                                                                                          ~443.8
                                                      15  5C 5C  C5 C5C  140  M16 M18    ~166.1  LUDLOW  TELYCHIAN  ~445.2  3000
                                                        5D 5D  C5D C5E      M20  LATE  OXFORDIAN  ~168.3  WENLOCK  AERONIAN  ~453.0  3600
                                                                                                     RHUDDANIAN
                                                         5E 5E 6 6  C6  CHATTIAN  27 .82  M22  CALLOVIAN  ~170.3  420  LLANDO-  HIRNANTIAN  ~458.4  ARCHEAN
                                                                                          ~174.1
                                                                                                                  ARCHEAN
                                                                                     BAJOCIAN
                                                                                                      SANDBIAN
                                                          C6A             150  M25   BATHONIAN   SILURIAN  VERY  KATIAN  ~467 .3  3250  PALEO-
                                                         6A
                                                         6A
                                                       20 20  6B  C6B        M29     AALENIAN         DARRIWILIAN  ~470.0
                                                         6C  C6C                  MIDDLE   ~182.7  440  LATE  ~477 .7
                                                          7  C7            160        TOARCIAN        DAPINGIAN
                                                          7A  C7A C8  OLIGOCENE  RUPELIAN  33.9  ~190.8  MIDDLE  FLOIAN  ~485.4  3500  4000
                                                        25 25  8  C9               JURASSIC  PLIENSBACHIAN  TREMADOCIAN  ~489.5  EOARCHEAN
                                                                                                            ~494
                                                           9               170                 460  ORDOVICIAN  AGE 10
                                                           10  C10                          ~199.3  EARLY  JIANGSHANIAN  ~497 ~500.5
                                                                                            ~201 .3
                                                           11  C11 C16 TERTIARY  PRIABONIAN  37 .8  RAPID POLARITY CHANGES  EARLY  SINEMURIAN  FURON-  PAIBIAN  ~504.5  3750
                                                                                                             ~509
             New version  |  Same great price!           30  12  C12 C13  BARTONIAN  41 .2  180  HETTANGIAN  ~208.5  480  GIAN  GUZHANGIAN  ~514 ~521  4000  HADEAN
                                                                                                        DRUMIAN
                                                                                The Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic are the Eras of the Phanerozoic Eon. Names of units and age boundaries usually follow the Gradstein et al. (2012), Cohen et al. (2012) , and Cohen et al. (2013, updated) compilations. Numerical age estimates
                                                                                        RHAETIAN
                                                                                                         AGE 5
                                                                                and picks of boundaries usually follow the Cohen et al. (2013, updated) compilation. The numbered epochs and ages of the Cambrian are provisional. A “~” before a numerical age estimate typically indicates an associated error of ±0.4 to over 1.6 Ma.
                                                                                                         AGE 4
                                                                                 Cohen, K.M., Finney, S., and Gibbard, P.L., 2012, International Chronostratigraphic Chart: International Commission on Stratigraphy, www.stratigraphy.org (accessed May 2012). (Chart reproduced for the 34th International Geological Congress, Brisbane,
                                                            15 13  C15       190                     Epoch 3  AGE 3  ~529
                                                          35  16 17  C17                 NORIAN  500  Epoch 2  AGE 2  541.0
                                                                                 Cohen, K.M., Finney, S.C., Gibbard, P.L., and Fan, J.-X., 2013, The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart: Episodes v. 36, no. 3, p. 199–204 (updated 2017, v. 2, http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale; accessed May 2018).
                                                             18  C18  LUTETIAN  47 .8  200    ~227   CAMBRIAN  TERRE-  FORTUNIAN
                                                                                      TRIASSIC
                                                           40  19  C19  EOCENE  210   LATE     ~237  520  NEUVIAN
                                                             20  C20  PALEOGENE           CARNIAN  ~242
                                                                                          LADINIAN
                                                                                                  540
                                                                                               247 .2
                                                                                               251 .2
                                                                                           ANISIAN
                                                            45         YPRESIAN  220 Walker, J.D., Geissman, J.W., Bowring, S.A., and Babcock, L.E., compilers, 2018, Geologic Time Scale v. 5.0: Geological Society of America, https://doi.org/10.1130/2018.CTS005R3C. ©2018 The Geological Society of America
                                                                                                251 .90
                                                              21  C21        56.0  230 *The Pleistocene is divided into four ages, but only two are shown here. What is shown as Calabrian is actually three ages—Calabrian from 1.80 to 0.781 Ma, Middle from 0.781 to 0.126 Ma, and Late from 0.126 to 0.0117 Ma.
                                                                                       MIDDLE
                                                                                           OLENEKIAN
                                             BUY ONLINE       55}  http://rock.geosociety.org/store/
                                                                                            INDUAN
                                                                C22
                                                               22
                                                                                  Previous versions of the time scale and previously published papers about the time scale and its evolution are posted to http://www.geosociety.org/timescale.
                                                                        THANETIAN
                                                                              59.2
                                                                C23
                                                                                        EARLY
                                                             50
                                                               23
                                                                                240
                                                                         SELANDIAN
                                                                              61 .6
                                                                24
                                                                 C24
                                                                 26 25  C25 C26  PALEOCENE  DANIAN  66.0  250 Gradstein, F.M, Ogg, J.G., Schmitz, M.D., et al., 2012, The Geologic Time Scale 2012: Boston, USA, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-59425-9.00004-4.
                                             toll-free 1.888.443.4472   27 |  28    C27 C28 +1.303.357.1000, option 3  | gsaservice@geosociety.org
                                                               60
                                                                                  Australia, 5–10 August 2012.)
                                                                  29  C29        REFERENCES CITED
                                                                65  30  C30
                                                                                       www.geosociety.org/gsatoday  31
   26   27   28   29   30   31   32   33   34   35   36