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to POC is only part of the solution, and the
450 critical question is whether the now-enlight-
ened academic geoscience community has
300 the will to adopt and support (financially and
Women 150 otherwise) replications of programs that have

proven to increase representation.
0 REFERENCES CITED
450 Dobbin, F., and Kalev, A., 2016, Why diversity pro-
grams fail: Harvard Business Review, April,
Men 300 p. 52–60, https://hbr.org/2016/07/why-diversity
-programs-fail (accessed June 2020).
150 Golom, F., 2018, Reframing the dominant diversity
discourse: Alternate conversations for creating
whole system change: Metropolitan Universities,
0 v. 29, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.18060/22172.
June, A.W., 2018, What factors hold back the careers
of women and faculty of color? Columbia Univer-
Year sity went looking for answers: The Chronicle of
Higher Education, 18 Oct. 2018, https://www
American Indian or Alaska Native, Not Hispanic or Latino .chronicle .com /article/What-Factors-Hold-Back
Asian, Not Hispanic or Latino -the/244841 (last accessed 6 Nov. 2020).
Black or African American, Not Hispanic or Latino Kleinberg, J., Lakkaraju, H., Leskovec, J., Ludwig,
Hispanic or Latino J., and Mullainathan, S., 2018, Human decisions
More than one race, Not Hispanic or Latino and machine predictions: The Quarterly Journal
Other race or race not reported, Not Hispanic or Latino of Economics, v. 133, no. 1, p. 237, https://doi.org/
10.1093/qje/qjx032.
White, Not Hispanic or Latino Martinez-Acosta, V.G., and Favero, C.B., 2018, A
discussion of diversity and inclusivity at the insti-
Figure 1. Doctorates awarded in geoscience, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
from 1980 to 2018, showing distribution by ethnicity and race. Top histogram tutional level: The need for a strategic plan: Jour-
shows degrees awarded to women, bottom histogram shows degrees awarded nal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education
to men. Source: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics. (JUNE): A Publication of FUN (Faculty for Un-
dergraduate Neuroscience), v. 16, no. 3, p. A252,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30254540
Americans were from HBCUs. The relative CONCLUSIONS (last accessed 6 Nov. 2020).
percentage by field of study varies; HBCUs For many years, a commitment to enhance Shapiro, D., Dundar, A., Huie, F., Khasiala Wak-
produce 52% of Black physicists but only 10% diversity has been expressed by universities hungu, P., Yuan, X., Nathan, A., and Hwang, Y.,
of Black geoscientists. CDEP has made a and in the private sector, but the numbers indi- 2017, Signature 12 Supplement: Completing Col-
very significant contribution to changing cate a lack of efficacy for those efforts or an lege: A National View of Student Attainment
Rates by Race and Ethnicity—Fall 2010 Cohort
these numbers, as this program alone inability to turn good intentions into concrete (Signature Report No. 12b), in National Student
accounts for ~20% of all geoscience bache- actions. It seems clear that a one-size-fits-all Clearinghouse.
lor’s degrees from HBCUs. Recognizing this approach to improve diversity does not do so Tapia, R.A., 2010, Hiring and developing minority
pipeline has important implications because equally across all underrepresented groups. faculty at research universities: Communica-
30% of Black recipients of a geoscience doc- With respect to increasing POC in the geosci- tions of the ACM, v. 53, no. 3, p. 33, https://doi
toral degree earned their bachelor’s at an ences, additional programs modeled after .org/ 10.1145/1666420.1666435.
HBCU. This kind of relationship is not only CDEP can fill the pipeline. The biggest chal- Zou, J., and Schiebinger, L., 2018, AI can be sexist
true for Black geoscientists, but for POC stu- lenge for replicating and sustaining these pro- and racist—it’s time to make it fair: Nature,
dents in all minority-serving institutions. grams is funding, which for CDEP and v. 559, no. 7714, p. 324, https://doi.org/10.1038/
d41586-018-05707-8.
GeoFORCE at the University of Texas, mod- GeoFORCE comes largely from the private
eled on the M-SEA program, also encour- sector because businesses recognized an Manuscript received 20 July 2020
ages students of color to pursue geoscience opportunity to cultivate needed talent. revised Manuscript received 24 sept. 2020
and is adding POC students to the pipeline. Making geoscience culture more welcoming Manuscript accepted 22 Oct. 2020

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