Page 9 - i1052-5173-29-6
P. 9
Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico: Applied
Geochemistry, v. 63, p. 586–598, https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.04.001.
Brocard, G.Y., Willenbring, J.K., Miller, T.E., and
Scatena, F.N., 2016, Relict landscape resistance
to dissection by upstream migrating knick-
points: Journal of Geophysical Research, Earth
Surface, v. 121, p. 1182–1203, https://doi.org/
10.1002/2015JF003678.
Buchanan, S., 2017, Federal collaboration yields
radar coverage for Puerto Rico, USVI in wake
of Hurricane Maria: DOD lends radars,
personnel to assist NOAA with weather
forecasts: http://www.noaa.gov/media-release/
federal-collaboration-yields-radar-coverage
-for-puerto-rico-usvi-in-wake-of-hurricane
(accessed April 2018).
A B Campbell, R.H., Herd, D.G., and Alonso, R.M.,
1985, Preliminary response activities and
recommendations of the USGS Landslide
Hazard research team to the Puerto Rico
landslide disaster of October 7, 1985: U.S.
Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-719,
13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85719.
Cangialosi, J.P., Latto, A.S., and Berg, R., 2018,
National Hurricane Tropical Cyclone Report,
Hurricane Irma (AL112017), 30 August–12
September 2017: National Hurricane Center,
https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL112017_
Irma.pdf (accessed April 2018).
Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote
Sensing, 2018, Data Portal: http://chrsdata
.eng.uci.edu (accessed April 2018).
Daly, C., Helmer, E.H., and Quiñones, M., 2003,
Mapping the climate of Puerto Rico, Vieques
and Culebra: International Journal of
Climatology, v. 23, no. 11, p. 1359–1381,
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.937.
Figure 4. Distribution of (A) maximum rainfall and (B) mean mountain rainfall for widespread, fre- DeGraff, J.V., Bryce, R., Jibson, R.W., Mora, S.,
quent, isolated, and no landslide-triggering hurricanes and tropical cyclones that affected Puerto and Rogers, C.T., 1989, Landslides: Their
Rico between 1960 and 2017 (see [B] in the GSA Data Repository [see text footnote 1]). Rainfall data extent and significance in the Caribbean, in
for Hurricane Maria are from the National Hurricane Center (NHC), National Centers for Environ- Brabb, E., and Harrod, B.L., eds., Landslides:
mental Prediction (NCEP), and the PERSIANN-Cloud Classification System (CCS). See (A) in the GSA Extent and Economic Significance: Proceed-
Data Repository (see text footnote 1) for detailed information on rainfall data sets.
ings 28th International Geological Congress
Symposium on Landslides: Washington, D.C.,
was an important factor in landslide suscep- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Rotterdam and Brookfield, p. 51–80.
tibility. Additionally, above-average We would like to thank Kate Allstadt and two Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2018,
antecedent soil moisture levels may have anonymous reviewers for their insightful reviews Disasters: https://www.fema.gov/disasters
(accessed April 2018).
contributed to unprecedented widespread of our paper. Any use of trade, firm, or product Hennessy-Fiske, M., 2017, In one Puerto Rico
names is for descriptive purposes only and does
landsliding throughout mountainous areas not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. mountain town, a wall of mud came crashing
of Puerto Rico, demonstrating that SMAP down: http://www.latimes.com/nation/
data could be used in the future to assess REFERENCES CITED la-na-puerto-rico-landslide-20170924
landslide susceptibility prior to hurricanes Bawiec, W.J., editor, 1998, Geology, geochemis- -story.html (accessed April 2018).
and tropical storms. We did not observe try, geophysics, mineral occurrences and Hernández Ayala, J.J., and Matyas, C.J., 2016,
Tropical cyclone rainfall over Puerto Rico
mineral resource assessment for the Common-
variable inherent susceptibility to land- wealth of Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey and its relations to environmental and
sliding for geologic bedrock units. Incon- Open-File Report 98-38, https://pubs.usgs.gov/ storm-specific factors: International Journal
sistent correlations between landsliding of/1998/of98-038/ (accessed April 2018). of Climatology, v. 36, p. 2223–2237,
and underlying bedrock formations likely Bessette-Kirton, E.K., Coe, J.A., Godt, J.W., https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4490.
resulted from differences in soil moisture. Kean, J.W., Rengers, F.K., Schulz, W.H., Irizarry Álvarez, F., 2017, Mueren tres
hermanas por derrumbe en Utuado tras paso
Baum, R.L., Jones, E.S., and Staley, D.M.,
While a detailed landslide inventory is nec- 2017, Map data showing concentration of de María: http://www.primerahora.com/
essary for the analysis of localized landslide landslides caused by Hurricane Maria in noticias/puerto-rico/nota/muerentres
susceptibility, the rapid quantification of Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey data hermanasporderrumbeenutuadotraspaso
landslide density proved to be advantageous release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7JD4VRF. demaria-1246727/ (accessed July 2018).
for systematically assessing the impact of Brocard, G.Y., Willenbring, J.K., Scatena, F.N., Jibson, R.W., 1989, Debris flows in southern Puerto
Rico, in Schultz, A.P. and Jibson, R.W., eds.,
widespread landsliding during an extreme and Johnson, A.H., 2015, Effects of a Landslide Processes of the Eastern United States
tectonically-triggered wave on incision on
precipitation event. riverine exports and soil mineralogy in the and Puerto Rico: Geological Society of America
www.geosociety.org/gsatoday 9