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CONCLUSIONS facies assemblages adjacent to the Western Eberhart-Phillips, D., Reyners, M., Bannister, S.,
The integration of surface and subsurface Fiordland Orthogneiss in southwest Fiordland, Chadwick, M., and Ellis, S., 2010, Establishing
data sets from southwest New Zealand New Zealand: Journal of Metamorphic a versatile 3-D seismic velocity model for New
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exhumation, and fault-related topographic Allibone, A.H., Jongens, R., Turnbull, I.M., Milan, 10.1785/gssrl.81.6.992.
growth above a young ocean-continent L.A., Daczko, N.R., De Paoli, M.C., and Haines, S., Lynch, E., Mulch, A., Valley, J.W.,
subduction zone is linked to events Tulloch, A.J., 2009b, Plutonic rocks of western and Pluijm, B.V.D., 2016, Meteoric fluid
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40 Ar/ Ar dates show that crustal-scale Geophysics, v. 52, p. 379–415, https://doi.org/ neoformed clays in brittle fault rocks:
reverse faults reactivated two ancient shear 10.1080/00288306.2009.9518465. Lithosphere, v. 8, p. 587–600, https://doi.org/
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and Ringwood, M.F., 2017, Oxygen isotope
over the middle and upper crust. The size, mapping reveals a crustal-scale structure Impacts from tectonics and climate: Earth-
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suggest that they formed as a direct Zealand: Geological Society of America https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.01.003.
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~100 km depth, localized shortening and https://doi.org/10.1002/tect.20068. extension in the hot lower crustal root of a
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offset the Moho. The irregular geometry of Milford Sound, New Zealand: Contributions Liu, S., Gurnis, M., Ma, P., and Zhang, B., 2017,
the Hikurangi Plateau at depth provides a to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 55, p. 181–190, Reconstruction of northeast Asian
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time, this study shows when, how, and why evolution of Fiordland granulites [Ph.D. Mao, X., Gurnis, M., and May, D.A., 2017,
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rocks of northern Fiordland; details of the
to the surface above the Puysegur granulite facies western Fiordland Orthogneiss 2017GL075389.
subduction zone. It also illustrates how and associated rock units: New Zealand Marcotte, S.B., Klepeis, K.A., Clarke, G.L.,
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inherited zones of crustal weakness Journal of Geology and Geophysics, v. 33, transpression in the lower crust and its
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.1990.10425702.
between Earth’s surface and the upper Davy, B., 2014, Rotation and offset of the magmatic arc: Tectonophysics, v. 407, p. 135–
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Zealand region following Cretaceous jamming 2014, U-Pb geochronology of Permian
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS of Hikurangi Plateau large igneous province plutonic rocks, Longwood Range, New
We thank A. Tulloch and N. Mortimer at subduction: Tectonics, v. 33, p. 1577–1595, Zealand: Implications for Median Batholith–
GNS (Dunedin) for discussions and assistance. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014TC003629. Brook Street Terrane relations: New Zealand
D. Jones (Vermont) provided expertise and Decker, M., Schwartz, J.J., Stowell, H.H., Journal of Geology and Geophysics, v. 57,
assistance with the argon analyses. We thank the Klepeis, K.A., Tulloch, A.J., Kitajima, K., no. 1, p. 65–85, https://doi.org/10.1080/
Dept. of Conservation Te Anau office for access Valley, J.W., and Kylander-Clark, A.R.C., 00288306.2013.869235.
and permission to sample and two anonymous 2017, Slab-triggered arc flare-up in the Milan, L.A., Daczko, N.R., and Clarke, G.L.,
reviewers for helping to improve the manuscript. Cretaceous Median Batholith and the growth 2017, Cordillera Zealandia: A Mesozoic arc
Financial support was provided by NSF grant of lower arc crust, Fiordland, New Zealand: flare-up on the palaeo-Pacific Gondwana
EAR-1119248. Journal of Petrology, v. 58, no. 6, p. 1145–1171, Margin: Scientific Reports, v. 7, no. 1, p. 261,
https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egx049. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00347-w.
Ducea, M.N., Saleeby, J.B., and Bergantz, G., Mortimer, N., Tulloch, A.J., Spark, R.N., Walker,
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