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DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS           tracks, crustal boundaries, and early salt   Harry, D.L., and Londono, J., 2004, Structure and
            The general consistency of large-scale   distribution: AAPG Bulletin, v. 89, p. 311–328,   evolution of the central Gulf of Mexico
                                               https://doi.org/10.1306/10280404026.
          anomaly patterns between models within   Buehler, J.S., and Shearer, P.M., 2017, Uppermost   continental margin and coastal plain, southeast
                                                                                  United States: Geological Society of America
          the upper crust suggests that data selection   mantle seismic velocity structure beneath   Bulletin, v. 116, p. 188–199, https://doi.org/
          is more important than model parameter-  USArray: Journal of Geophysical Research,   10.1130/B25237.1.
          ization, forward modeling and inversion   Solid Earth, v. 122, https://doi.org/10.1002/   Hatcher, R.D., Thomas, W.A., and Viele, G.W.,
          methods, and other methodological differ-  2016JB013265.                editors, 1989, The Appalachian-Ouachita
          ences. However, disparities in anomaly   Chai, C., Ammon, C.J., Maceira, M., and   Orogen in the United States: Boulder, Colorado,
                                                                                  Geological Society of America, Geology of
                                               Herrmann, R.B., 2015, Inverting interpolated
          amplitudes and the fact that the velocity   receiver functions with surface wave dispersion   North America, v. F2, 784 p., https://doi.org/
          models fall into two distinct groups (which   and gravity: Application to the western U.S.   10.1130/DNAG-GNA-F2.
          is discussed in the GSA Data Repository   and adjacent Canada and Mexico: Geophysical   Hudec, M.R., Norton, I.O., Jackson, M.P.A., and
          [see footnote 1]) present a challenge for   Research Letters, v. 42, p. 4359–4366,    Peel, F.J., 2013, Jurassic evolution of the Gulf
                                               https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063733.
          geodynamic interpretations of the margin,   Chen, C., Gilbert, H., Andronicos, C., Hamburger,   of Mexico salt basin: AAPG Bulletin, v. 97,
                                                                                  p. 1683–1710, https://doi.org/10.1306/
          for understanding the margin’s magmatic   M.W., Larson, T., Marshak, S., Pavlis, G.L.., and   04011312073.
          evolution, and for reconstructions of its   Yang, X., 2016, Shear velocity structure beneath   Huerta, A.D., and Harry, D.L., 2012, Wilson
          pre-rift crustal and lithospheric thickness.   the central United States: Implications for the   cycles, tectonic inheritance, and rifting of the
          It is clear that current 3D velocity models   origin of the Illinois Basin and intraplate   North American Gulf of Mexico continental
                                               seismicity: Geochemistry Geophysics
                                                                                  margin: Geosphere, v. 8, p. 374–385,
          are unable to resolve the geometry of some   Geosystems, v. 17, p. 1020–1041, https://doi.org/   https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00725.1.
          smaller-scale tectonic features of this   10.1002/2015GC006206.       Huismans, R., and Beaumont, C., 2011, Depth-
          region, such as the spatial extent of the   Christeson, G.L., Van Avendonk, H.J.A., Norton,   dependent extension, two-stage breakup and
          Wiggins block, or smaller arches (e.g.,   I.O., Snedden, J.W., Eddy, D.R., Karner, G.D.,   cratonic underplating at rifted margins: Nature,
          Luling, Waco, San Marcos), and to test the   and Johnson, C.A., 2014, Deep crustal structure   v. 473, p. 74–78, https://doi.org/10.1038/
                                                                                  nature09988.
                                               in the eastern Gulf of Mexico: Journal of
          extent to which magmatic input facilitated   Geophysical Research, Solid Earth, v. 119,   James, D.E., Fouch, M.J., Carlson, R.W., and Roth,
          rifting in the northern Gulf of Mexico.  p. 6782–6801, https://doi.org/10.1002/   J.B., 2011, Slab fragmentation, edge flow and the
            This comparison serves as a baseline for   2014JB011045.              origin of the Yellowstone hotspot track: Earth
          future geological and geophysical investi-  Clift, P.D., Heinrich, P., Dunn, D., Jacobus, A., and   and Planetary Science Letters, v. 311, p. 124–
                                                                                  135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.007.
          gations in the southern U.S. by providing a   Blusztajn, J., 2018, The Sabine block, Gulf of   Laske, G., Masters, G., Ma, Z., and Pasyanos,
                                               Mexico: Promontory on the North American
          comprehensive assessment of currently   margin?: Geology, v. 46, p. 15–18, https://doi.org/   M.E., 2012, CRUST1.0: An updated global
          available S-wave tomographic models.   10.1130/G39592.1.                model of the Earth’s crust: EGU General
          There is a need for additional P-wave   Cramer, C.H., 2017, Gulf Coast regional Q and   Assembly, v. 14, EGU2012-3743-1.
          tomography studies within this region   boundaries from USArray data: Bulletin of the   Lin, F.-C., Tsai, V.C., and Schmandt, B., 2014, 3-D
          which, given the lack of regional seismicity,   Seismological Society of America, v. 108,   crustal structure of the western United States:
                                                                                  Application of Rayleigh-wave ellipticity
                                               p. 437–449, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120170170.
          is difficult but essential.        Culotta, R., Latham, T., Sydow, M., Oliver, J.,   extracted from noise cross-correlations:
                                               Brown, L., and Kaufman, S., 1992, Deep   Geophysical Journal International, v. 198,
          ACKNOWLEDGMENTS                      structure of the Texas Gulf Passive Margin and   p. 656–670, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu160.
            We thank two anonymous reviewers and editor   its Ouachita-Precambrian Basement: Results of   Liu, Y., and Holt, W.E., 2015, Wave gradiometry
          Mihai Ducea for their thoughtful and constructive   the COCORP San Marcos Arch Survey (1):   and its link with Helmholtz equation solutions
          comments that helped improve the manuscript.   AAPG Bulletin, v. 76, p. 270–283.  applied to USArray in the eastern U.S.: Journal
          Thanks to Fred Pollitz and Cemal Biryol for   Dickinson, W.R., 2009, The Gulf of Mexico and   of Geophysical Research, Solid Earth, v. 120,
          providing their velocity models to us directly and   the southern margin of Laurentia: Geology,   p. 5717–5746, https://doi.org/10.1002/
          to the authors of other models for contributing   v. 37, p. 479–480, https://doi.org/10.1130/  2015JB011982.
          them to the IRIS Earth Model Collaboration    focus052009.1.          Marton, G., and Buffler, R.T., 1994, Jurassic
          (http://ds.iris.edu/ds/products/emc).  Diegel, F.A., Karlo, J.F., Schuster, D.C., Shoup,   reconstruction of the Gulf of Mexico basin:
                                               R.C., and Tauvers, and P.R., 1995, Cenozoic   International Geology Review, v. 36, p. 545–586,
                                               structural evolution and tectono-stratigraphic   https://doi.org/10.1080/00206819409465475.
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